Hematite
Hematite · Mineral Specimen
Crystal System
Trigonal, commonly occurring in massive, botryoidal, tabular, or micaceous forms known as specularite.
Mineral Group
Oxides
Chemical Formula
Fe2O3
Formation Process
Igneous, sedimentary, and hydrothermal processes. It frequently precipitates from aqueous solutions in sedimentary environments or forms as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks.
About This Crystal
The specimen exhibits a metallic to dull luster with gray-black to dark steel-gray areas alongside significant reddish-brown iron oxide (rust/goethite/limonite) staining and weathering on the surface. The texture is rough, irregular, and dense with opaque characteristics typical of massive iron oxides.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from metallic dark gray to earthy reddish-brown; characteristic reddish-brown streak. Cleavage is absent, fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific gravity is approximately 5.26. Tenacity is brittle. Non-magnetic in its pure state, though often associated with magnetic impurities.
Optical Properties
Opaque with a metallic to sub-metallic luster on fresh surfaces, becoming earthy and dull where weathered. It does not exhibit pleochroism or other transparent optical phenomena.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Worldwide distribution, with major deposits in Brazil, Australia, China, and the United States (Lake Superior region). Forms in diverse geological settings.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6.5. Moderate to good durability, though earthy and weathered varieties can be crumbly or soil adjacent materials.
Care & Maintenance
Clean gently with warm soapy water using a soft brush. Avoid harsh acids or prolonged exposure to moisture due to iron content and potential rusting of associated minerals. Store away from softer minerals.
Rarity & Value
Common mineral. Value depends primarily on the aesthetic quality of the specimen, crystal habit (such as specular clusters or rose forms), and lack of heavy weathering, ranging from inexpensive to moderate for fine mineral specimens.
Special Characteristics
Produces a distinctive reddish-brown streak which is a primary diagnostic test for identification. Often shows iridescent tarnish or associated secondary iron hydroxides.
Lore & History
Historically used as a pigment (ochre) since prehistoric times and as an amulet in ancient Egypt. In modern metaphysical practices, it is traditionally associated with grounding, protection, and balancing the root chakra.