Specular Hematite
Hematite (Specularite variety) · Mineral Specimen / Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Trigonal system; typically occurs in a micaceous, foliated, or platy habit
Mineral Group
Oxides (Hematite group)
Chemical Formula
Fe2O3 with minor trace elements of Ti, Mg, or Al
Formation Process
Metamorphic or Hydrothermal; forms through the metamorphism of iron-rich sediments or via hydrothermal precipitation in veins
About This Crystal
A dark gray to black metallic mineral with a sparkling, glitter-like surface caused by tiny mirror-like reflections from micaceous crystal flakes. It is opaque with a sub-metallic to metallic luster and often features reddish-brown earthy patches of oxidized iron.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish patches; Streak: Reddish-brown; Cleavage: None; Fracture: Uneven to sub-conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Magnetism: Weakly magnetic after heating; Fluorescence: None
Optical Properties
Opaque; Refractive Index: 2.87–3.22 (Extreme); Birefringence: None (Opaque); Metallic reflectivity; some specimens show slight pleochroism in thin sections
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil (Minas Gerais), USA (Michigan/Lake Superior), and UK (Cumberland); typical in iron-rich sedimentary or metamorphic formations
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5; Toughness: Brittle; Stable in most conditions but can be prone to scratching or flaking in micaceous varieties
Care & Maintenance
Clean with a soft dry cloth; avoid ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals. Keep dry to prevent further oxidation of matrix material. Store away from harder stones like Sapphire or Diamond.
Rarity & Value
Common; value is determined by the intensity of the 'sparkle' and size of the flakes. Low price range ($5–$50 for thumb-sized specimens); rarely treated, though often stabilized with resins if crumbly.
Special Characteristics
Specularite is defined by its 'specular' (mirror-like) reflections. It leaves a distinct cherry-red streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain, which is a diagnostic test for all hematite.
Lore & History
Historically used as a pigment (red ochre) since the Upper Paleolithic. In folklore, it is considered a 'grounding' stone. Ancient Greeks named it 'haimatitis' (blood-like) due to the red color of its powder.