Malachite
Malachite · Semi-Precious Gemstone and Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic, forming botryoidal, fibrous, or stalactitic masses
Mineral Group
Carbonates (specifically basic copper carbonate)
Chemical Formula
Cu2CO3(OH)2
Formation Process
Supergene processes in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits, formed by the action of carbonated water on copper sulfides
About This Crystal
Opaque specimen with a vibrant, intense green color showing characteristic concentric banding, concentric rings, and botryoidal growth patterns with a polished, highly reflective vitreous to silky luster
Physical Characteristics
Light green streak, botryoidal to fibrous habit, perfect cleavage in one direction, uneven to conchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 3.6 to 4.0, brittle tenacity, heat and acid sensitive
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative with high birefringence, strongly pleochroic in shades of green
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia (Ural Mountains), Australia, USA (Arizona)
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4, poor toughness, sensitive to acids, ammonia, hot water, and heat; low wearability for rings unless protected
Care & Maintenance
Clean gently with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth; avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam, acids, harsh chemicals, and prolonged direct sunlight
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon depending on pattern quality and size, heavily valued in ornamental carving, priced affordably to moderately high for top-grade banded material
Special Characteristics
Striking botryoidal concentric banding and chatoyancy when cut correctly, vibrant natural copper green coloration
Lore & History
Historically used as a gemstone, pigment, and for ornamentation in ancient Egypt and Greece; associated with transformation, emotional balance, protection, and the heart chakra in metaphysical lore