Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically occurring as prismatic crystals, geodes, or tumbled stones
Mineral Group
Silicates, specifically Tectosilicates
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal veins and pegmatites, often formed through the natural irradiation of smoky quartz or low-temperature metamorphism
About This Crystal
A tumbled, transparent brownish-yellow to golden quartz specimen displaying a vitreous luster and smooth, polished surfaces characteristic of tumbled stones
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber-brown; white streak; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity around 2.65; brittle tenacity; exhibits piezoelectricity
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive optical character; refractive index of 1.544-1.553; low birefringence of 0.009; typically weak to moderate pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, Spain, and the Ural Mountains in Russia
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability and toughness, making it highly suitable for everyday jewelry use such as rings and pendants
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight which can cause fading; store separately to prevent scratching softer stones
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately rare for natural, unheated deep-colored specimens; value depends on color saturation, clarity, and size; heat-treated amethyst is widely available at a low cost
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; natural varieties may exhibit subtle color zoning and trace iron impurities
Lore & History
Historically known as the 'merchant's stone' due to folklore linking it to prosperity and wealth; associated with the solar plexus chakra in modern crystal healing traditions