Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone and Mineral Specimen
Crystal System
Trigonal, prismatic crystal habit with massive or crystalline forms
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and magmatic processes, often forming in pegmatites, volcanic cavities, and hydrothermal veins at moderate temperatures and pressures; natural yellow color often arises from irradiation of trace aluminum impurities
About This Crystal
A translucent to transparent raw quartz specimen exhibiting pale yellow to golden-amber color zoning with characteristic internal fractures, surface striations, and a white milky quartz base attachment on one end
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to brownish-orange; white streak; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of approximately 2.65; brittle tenacity; exhibits piezoelectricity and no significant fluorescence
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive optical character with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence of 0.009, and very weak pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, Spain, and the Ural Mountains in Russia; typically found in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability and toughness, making it suitable for everyday jewelry wear with no cleavage planes to worry about
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to prevent potential color fading; store separately from softer and harder stones
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon for natural citrine; much of the commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst; high-quality untreated natural stones command higher prices, typically ranging from affordable to moderate depending on clarity and saturation
Special Characteristics
Displays natural color zoning, internal fluid inclusions, and distinct surface striations typical of raw quartz crystal growth
Lore & History
Historically used as a talisman against snake venom and evil thoughts; widely known in modern metaphysical practices as the stone of abundance, manifestation, and personal willpower, traditionally associated with the Solar Plexus Chakra