Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, microcrystalline (Chalcedony variety)
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal solutions and low-temperature sedimentary deposition, often filling cavities in volcanic rocks
About This Crystal
A small, tumbled, translucent to semi-translucent reddish-orange stone with a waxy to vitreous luster and visible internal fractures and cloudiness.
Physical Characteristics
Orange to reddish-brown body color, white streak, conchoidal fracture, lack of discernible cleavage, specific gravity of approximately 2.65, brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Singly or doubly refractive depending on microcrystalline aggregate structure, refractive index around 1.543 to 1.553, typically inert or weakly fluorescent under UV light
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
India, Brazil, Egypt, Uruguay, and the United States
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability and toughness, suitable for various types of everyday jewelry use
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush, avoid harsh chemicals, prolonged exposure to extreme heat, and harsh ultrasonic cleaners if fractured
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon depending on color saturation and translucency, very affordable for tumbled stones and cabochons, heat treatment is frequently used to enhance color
Special Characteristics
Often exhibits subtle color banding or cloudiness due to microscopic inclusions of iron oxide
Lore & History
Historically used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome for signet rings and amulets, believed in crystal healing lore to boost motivation, courage, and vitality, associated primarily with the sacral chakra