Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal crystal system, prismatic habit terminating in a pyramid shape.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and pegmatitic processes, often formed through the natural irradiation of smoky quartz or the low-temperature thermal alteration of amethyst.
About This Crystal
A translucent to transparent quartz crystal exhibiting a warm yellow to deep orange color concentration in the core, with vitreous luster and visible internal fractures and cloudy inclusions.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to brownish-orange; white streak; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of approximately 2.65; brittle tenacity.
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, showing weak birefringence and generally no pleochroism.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, and the Ural Mountains in Russia; typically found in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability and wearability for jewelry, though sensitive to sharp impacts due to lack of cleavage and brittle nature.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged direct sunlight which can cause the color to fade.
Rarity & Value
Common; natural citrine is less common than heat-treated amethyst, with value depending on color saturation, clarity, and size.
Special Characteristics
Exhibits piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; internal phantoms and localized color zoning are visible.
Lore & History
Historically used as a talisman against snake venom and evil thoughts, modern crystal healing associates citrine with the Solar Plexus chakra, abundance, and manifestation.