Diamond
Carbon var. Diamond · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric), typically forming octahedrons, dodecahedrons, and cubes
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
C
Formation Process
High-pressure, high-temperature metamorphic environments in the Earth's mantle, transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions
About This Crystal
Faceted colorless to near-colorless gemstone set in a ring, exhibiting brilliant adamantine luster, high transparency, and intense fire (dispersion)
Physical Characteristics
Colorless, yellow, brown, or tinted; white streak; perfect octahedral cleavage in four directions; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity 3.50-3.53; inert to brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Singly refractive (isotropic); refractive index 2.417; very high dispersion (0.044) producing strong fire
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
South Africa, Russia, Botswana, Canada, Australia; found in kimberlite pipes and alluvial deposits
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness 10 (hardest known natural substance); exceptional durability, highly resistant to scratching, though vulnerable to cleavage along crystal planes under sharp impacts
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush or professional ultrasonic cleaning; store separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching softer stones; resistant to most household chemicals
Rarity & Value
Gem-quality diamonds range from common to extremely rare depending on the 4Cs (Cut, Color, Clarity, Carat weight); valued from affordable to millions of dollars; treatments include laser drilling, HPHT annealing, and fracture filling
Special Characteristics
Exceptional dispersion (fire), high thermal conductivity, and occasional blue or yellow fluorescence under UV light
Lore & History
Symbol of eternal love, strength, and purity; used historically as amulets for courage and invincibility; associated with the Crown Chakra in modern metaphysical beliefs as a master healer stone