Malachite
Malachite · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic; commonly occurs in botryoidal (grape-like), fibrous, or stalactitic masses rather than distinct crystals.
Mineral Group
Carbonates
Chemical Formula
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Formation Process
Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits, where carbonated waters interact with copper minerals.
About This Crystal
Opaque green mineral with distinctive color banding. Displays varying shades of bright green to deep forest green in concentric rings or parallel stripes. Luster is silky when fibrous and vitreous to dull in massive forms.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Bright to dark green; Streak: Light green; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction (rarely seen in massive forms); Fracture: Subconchoidal to uneven; Specific Gravity: 3.6–4.0; Fluorescence: None.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 1.655–1.909; Birefringence: 0.254 (Very high); Pleochroism: Strong in crystals (nearly colorless to deep green); Opaque in massive form.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia (Urals), Namibia, and the Southwestern United States (Arizona).
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 3.5–4.0. Relatively soft and brittle; sensitive to heat, acids, and ammonia. Fair to poor wearability for rings; better for pendants or earrings.
Care & Maintenance
Clean only with a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam, and harsh chemicals. Store separately to prevent scratching from harder stones like quartz.
Rarity & Value
Relatively common but high-quality banded material is prized. Values depend on the complexity of patterns and size of the specimen. Generally affordable.
Special Characteristics
Displays distinct 'pseudomorphism' occasionally when replacing azurite. Known for its 'eye' patterns when cut in cabochon or orbicular forms.
Lore & History
Used since ancient Egypt (4000 BC) for amulets and eye makeup. Historically associated with protection, transformation, and the heart chakra in traditional lore. Symbolizes nature and prosperity.