Serpentine
Serpentine Group Minerals · Decorative Stone and Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Monoclinic or Orthorhombic, typically found in massive, fibrous, or platy habits
Mineral Group
Silicates, specifically Phyllosilicates
Chemical Formula
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Formation Process
Metamorphic, specifically serpentinization, which is a low-temperature metamorphic process involving hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle
About This Crystal
Tumbled, smooth polished pebble of deep forest green color with mottled lighter green and dark greenish-black patches and veining, translucent to opaque with a greasy to waxy luster
Physical Characteristics
Dark green body color with white or lighter green mottling, white streak, uneven to splintery fracture, specific gravity around 2.5 to 2.6, greasy to waxy luster, and brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative with low birefringence, refractive index ranging from 1.560 to 1.570, generally non-pleochroic in massive forms
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Worldwide, with notable deposits in Russia, USA, Canada, China, and Italy; formed in serpentinized ultramafic rocks
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific mineral polymorph (antigorite, chrysotile, or lizardite), moderate to low durability, requiring gentle wear and care
Care & Maintenance
Clean with mild soapy water and a soft cloth, avoid harsh chemical cleaners, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or acidic substances
Rarity & Value
Common mineral group, widely accessible and affordable, with high-grade ornamental jade substitutes commanding slightly higher collector values
Special Characteristics
Often used as an inexpensive substitute for jade (sometimes called New Jade or Oregon Jade), exhibits a characteristic greasy feel and mottled web-like patterns
Lore & History
Historically used as an amulet against snakebites, poison, and dark magic in various ancient cultures; in modern crystal healing, it is associated with the heart chakra, emotional clearing, and kundalini awakening, which are traditional beliefs rather than scientific claims