Emerald
Beryl var. Emerald · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Hexagonal; typically forms prismatic crystals, but this specific specimen has been carved and polished into a melon bead or cabochon shape.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Cyclosilicates)
Chemical Formula
Be3Al2Si6O18 with trace amounts of Cr, V, and Fe
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and metamorphic processes where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing rocks, crystallizing at moderate to high temperatures.
About This Crystal
The specimen is an oval-shaped, carved green gemstone with a fluted or melon-cut pattern radiating outwards from a central point. It exhibits a translucent to semi-translucent quality with a rich green color and typical natural internal inclusions known as a "jardin". The luster is vitreous to slightly waxy due to the carving and polishing.
Physical Characteristics
Body color ranges from medium to dark green with typical natural inclusions. The streak is white. Cleavage is poor on {0001}. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific gravity is approximately 2.67 to 2.78. Tenacity is brittle.
Optical Properties
Doubly refractive with a negative optical sign. Refractive index ranges from 1.577 to 1.583. Birefringence is 0.005 to 0.009. Pleochroism is distinct, showing bluish-green and yellowish-green from different angles.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Typically forms in schist, hydrothermal veins, or pegmatites.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8. Emeralds have poor to moderate toughness due to numerous inclusions and internal stress fractures, making them somewhat sensitive to sharp knocks.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners because of internal fractures and oil or resin treatments. Store separately from harder stones to prevent scratching. Protect from harsh chemicals and sudden temperature changes.
Rarity & Value
Rare and highly valued precious gemstone. Value is heavily determined by color saturation, transparency, size, and origin. Carved emeralds are often valued for both their gem quality and artistry. Oil or resin fracture-filling treatments are very common.
Special Characteristics
Natural multi-phase inclusions ('jardin'), pronounced carved melon bead (tassa) morphology, and distinct pleochroism.
Lore & History
Emerald has been prized since ancient times, notably by Cleopatra in ancient Egypt and across South American pre-Columbian civilizations. Symbolizes rebirth, love, and wisdom. In crystal healing traditions, it is associated with the Heart Chakra and is believed to promote emotional balance and tranquility.