Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically occurring as prismatic crystals, massive forms, or tumbled stones.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Subgroup: Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and pegmatitic processes, often formed through the natural heat treatment or irradiation of iron-bearing quartz.
About This Crystal
A polished, tumbled stone with a translucent to transparent pale yellow to golden coloration, vitreous luster, and internal micro-fractures.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber; white streak; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of 2.65; brittle tenacity; exhibits piezoelectricity.
Optical Properties
Singly refractive (uniaxial positive) with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence of 0.009, and weak or absent pleochroism.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, Spain; typically found in igneous pegmatites and hydrothermal veins.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability, resistant to scratching, with no notable cleavage planes making it very suitable for everyday jewelry wear.
Care & Maintenance
Clean safely with warm soapy water and a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals, prolonged direct sunlight which may cause fading, and sudden extreme temperature changes.
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately rare depending on natural versus heat-treated origin; heavily influenced by color saturation, size, and clarity; generally affordable.
Special Characteristics
Displays piezoelectric properties and internal cloudiness or veils typical of natural quartz varieties.
Lore & History
Historically worn as a protective talisman against snake venom and evil thoughts, often associated with prosperity, abundance, and the solar plexus chakra in crystal healing lore.