Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically forming prismatic crystals or massive, crystalline quartz masses
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and igneous processes, often formed through the natural irradiation of iron-containing quartz over millions of years
About This Crystal
Translucent to transparent crystalline quartz with a warm yellow to golden-brown color, displaying a vitreous luster and internal fracture networks reflecting light brilliantly
Physical Characteristics
Yellow to golden body color, white streak, conchoidal fracture, no true cleavage, specific gravity of approximately 2.65, brittle tenacity, and piezoelectric properties
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive optical character, refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence of 0.009, and generally weak pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, Spain; forms in pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and volcanic cavities
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability for jewelry wear though prone to thermal shock and scratching if improperly stored
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush, avoid harsh chemicals, prolonged direct sunlight, and sudden extreme temperature changes
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately uncommon for natural high-grade material; value depends on color saturation, clarity, and size, with heat-treated amethyst widely available on the market
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric properties, internal inclusions, and fracture-filling rainbow reflections visible under magnification
Lore & History
Historically used as a protective talisman and gem of manifestation, associated in modern crystal healing with the solar plexus chakra and abundance, though these are traditional beliefs rather than scientific claims