Bismuth
Native Bismuth · Mineral Specimen / Laboratory-Grown Metal Crystal
Crystal System
Trigonal; hopper crystals with a pseudocubic, stair-step habit
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
Bi (Pure elemental Bismuth, usually with a thin layer of Bi2O3 oxide)
Formation Process
Laboratory crystallized from a high-purity melt; forms rapidly through supercooling in controlled environments
About This Crystal
Iridescent, multi-colored hopper crystals featuring a hollow, stair-step skeletal structure. Opaque with a bright metallic luster.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Pinkish-white on fresh surface, iridescent rainbow when oxidized. Streak: Silver-white to lead-gray. Cleavage: Perfect on {0001}. Specific Gravity: 9.78. Brittle.
Optical Properties
Opaque metal; displays thin-film interference in the oxide layer causing rainbow colors. Highly diamagnetic.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Laboratory grown (artificial); natural occurrences include Germany, Bolivia, and Australia
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness 2 - 2.5; very soft and brittle. Low melting point (271.4°C). Low wearability for jewelry.
Care & Maintenance
Keep dry; clean with a soft dry cloth only. Very brittle, so avoid impacts. Do not use ultrasonic cleaners or acidic chemicals.
Rarity & Value
Common (as laboratory-grown specimens); natural aesthetic crystals are rare. Inexpensive, typically $5-$30 for small specimens.
Special Characteristics
Hopper crystal habit (rapid growth along edges) and thin-film interference producing vivid iridescent colors.
Lore & History
Used historically in alloys (low melt) and cosmetics. Metaphysically associated with transformation, focus, and astral travel.