Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (a variety of Tremolite-Actinolite) · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic; fibrous or felted microcrystalline habit
Mineral Group
Silicates; Inosilicate (Amphibole group)
Chemical Formula
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Formation Process
Metamorphic (Low-grade metamorphism of basic igneous or dolomitic rocks)
About This Crystal
A dark forest-green, opaque to translucent stone with a waxy to vitreous luster. This specimen is carved into a crescent moon shape, showing a smooth, polished surface with subtle mottling and small dark inclusions typical of iron concentrations.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Spinach green to olive; Streak: White; Cleavage: Not visible due to fibrous structure; Fracture: Splintery to granular; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03; Fluorescence: Generally inert.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: ~1.600–1.627; Birefringence: 0.027; Pleochroism: Weak; Optical phenomena: None in this massive form.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia (Siberia), Taiwan, and Wyoming (USA)
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 6.0–6.5; Toughness: Exceptional (highest of all gemstones due to interlocking fibrous structure); very durable for jewelry.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Generally stable in sunlight and heat.
Rarity & Value
Common to Uncommon; Value depends on color uniformity and translucency; New Zealand 'Pounamu' and high-grade 'Mutton Fat' variety are most prized.
Special Characteristics
Interlocking microcrystalline structure makes it nearly impossible to break; may show small dark spots of chromite or magnetite.
Lore & History
Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its toughness. In Chinese culture, it symbolizes purity, longevity, and wisdom. Traditionally associated with the Heart Chakra and believed to promote emotional healing and protection.