Emerald
Beryl var. Emerald · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Hexagonal system; typically forms prismatic hexagonal crystals.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Cyclosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
Be3Al2Si6O18 with traces of Cr, V, and Fe
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and metamorphic processes where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing host rocks.
About This Crystal
A vibrant green, transparent to translucent tumbled or polished gemstone displaying a vitreous luster and intense emerald-green coloration.
Physical Characteristics
Color is vivid green, white streak, poor basal cleavage, conchoidal to uneven fracture, specific gravity around 2.67 to 2.78, brittle tenacity, and generally inert to weak fluorescence under UV light.
Optical Properties
Uniaxial negative with double refraction, refractive index ranging from 1.577 to 1.583, weak to moderate dichroism showing bluish-green and yellowish-green.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, and Russia; typically found in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8, but often possesses internal inclusions that make it brittle and susceptible to fracture under sharp impacts.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam cleaners, harsh chemicals, and sudden temperature changes due to internal fractures and oil treatments.
Rarity & Value
Rare and highly valuable precious gemstone. Value is determined by color saturation, clarity, carat weight, and origin, with fine untreated stones commanding very high prices.
Special Characteristics
Often contains characteristic inclusions known as 'jardin' (garden), and some rare specimens may exhibit trapiche patterns or chatoyancy.
Lore & History
Historically associated with royalty and antiquity, revered by ancient Egyptians including Cleopatra. Symbolizes rebirth, love, and wisdom, and is traditionally linked to the heart chakra in metaphysical practices.