Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, shaped into faceted round beads
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and low-temperature sedimentary processes, where silica-rich solutions deposit microcrystalline quartz in cavities
About This Crystal
Small, transparent to translucent faceted round beads displaying a vibrant orange to brownish-orange color with a bright vitreous luster
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from yellowish-orange to deep brownish-orange; white streak; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of approximately 2.65; brittle tenacity; no cleavage
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553 and weak birefringence
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
India, Brazil, Madagascar, and Uruguay, typically forming in volcanic cavities and hydrothermal veins
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability and toughness, making it suitable for daily wear in jewelry
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged direct sunlight to prevent color alteration
Rarity & Value
Common and widely available; value depends primarily on color saturation, uniformity, and clarity; generally very affordable
Special Characteristics
Displays faceted brilliance with vibrant warm orange tones, often historically enhanced via heat treatment of pale chalcedony
Lore & History
Historically used in ancient Rome, Greece, and Egypt for signet rings and amulets; traditionally associated with courage, vitality, and motivation, linked to the sacral chakra