Shungite
Shungite (Amorphous Carbon) · Minor Gemstone / Collector Mineral / Industrial Mineral
Crystal System
Amorphous; typically occurs in massive, earthy, or conchoidal habits without a defined crystal lattice.
Mineral Group
Native Elements (Carbon Group) / Mineraloid
Chemical Formula
C (Carbon, typically >90% for Elite/Noble grade, mixed with silicates)
Formation Process
Metamorphic; believed to have formed from the metamorphosis of Precambrian organic sediments or through hydrothermal deposition in ancient oceanic environments.
About This Crystal
Black to silvery-black mineraloid with a sub-metallic to vitreous luster. High-grade 'Elite' shungite is shiny and jet-black with conchoidal (glass-like) fractures, while common shungite is matte black and can be rubbed off on hands like coal.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Black; Streak: Black; Cleavage: None; Fracture: Conchoidal to uneven; Specific Gravity: 1.8 - 2.0; Tenacity: Brittle; Fluorescence: None.
Optical Properties
Opaque; Refractive Index: N/A (unmeasurable due to opacity); Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous; no pleochroism or dispersion.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Zazhoginsky Mine, Karelia Region, Russia (Primary source); also found in ancient Precambrian sedimentary rocks.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness: 3.5 - 4.0; Toughness: Brittle; Sensitivity: Low heat resistance, chemically stable but soft and easily scratched.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth; avoid ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals; store separately to prevent scratches by harder minerals; may leave black residue if unpolished.
Rarity & Value
Common (in standard form) to Rare (for Elite/Noble grade); price varies based on carbon content (Elite grade commands much higher prices).
Special Characteristics
Contains fullerenes (C60/C70 carbon molecules), highly electrically conductive, high carbon content.
Lore & History
Historically used in Russia (Peter the Great's time) for water purification; traditionally associated with grounding, protection against EMF radiation, and purification of the root chakra.