Specularite (Specular Hematite)
Hematite species, variety Specularite · Mineral Specimen / Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Trigonal system; habit is micaceous, foliated, or platy; often found as thin, sparkling scales or flakes.
Mineral Group
Oxides (Hematite group)
Chemical Formula
Fe2O3 (Iron[III] oxide)
Formation Process
Primarily formed through sedimentary processes in banded iron formations (BIFs), or through metamorphic and hydrothermal activity where iron-rich fluids crystallize.
About This Crystal
Massive, dark grey to black mineral covered in sub-metallic, micaceous flakes that sparkle intensely. The surface is textured with tiny, reflective crystalline faces that create a 'glitter' effect.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Gunmetal grey to black; Streak: Characteristic reddish-brown; Cleavage: None (may show parting); Fracture: Uneven; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic.
Optical Properties
Opaque; refractive index is very high (~2.9); displays weak pleochroism in thin sections; non-fluorescent; does not show play-of-color but exhibits high specular reflection.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include Minas Gerais, Brazil; Isle of Elba, Italy; and the Lake Superior region, USA. Found in banded iron formations and hydrothermal veins.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness: 5.5 - 6.5; Brittle tenacity; stable under most conditions but can be scratched by quartz or steel.
Care & Maintenance
Avoid ultrasonic cleaners as they may dislodge small flakes. Clean with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Keep dry to prevent oxidation of any accessory minerals.
Rarity & Value
Relatively common; value is determined by the 'sparkle' quality and size of the specimen. Generally inexpensive; treatments are rare as it is a natural oxide.
Special Characteristics
Specular reflection (highly reflective flake surfaces); reddish-brown streak is the diagnostic test for its identity despite its black appearance; weakly magnetic (especially if magnetite is present).
Lore & History
Historically used as an early mirror surface and as a pigment (red ochre). In lore, it is considered a 'grounding stone' associated with the Root Chakra and protection.