Serpentine
Serpentine Subgroup (Antigorite / Lizardite / Chrysotile) · Decorative Stone and Carving Material
Crystal System
Monoclinic or Triclinic, typically massive, compact, or fibrous microcrystalline aggregates
Mineral Group
Silicates, specifically Phyllosilicates
Chemical Formula
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Formation Process
Metamorphic (hydrothermal alteration of olivine and pyroxene-rich ultramafic rocks like peridotite or dunite at low to moderate temperatures and pressures)
About This Crystal
Carved into the shape of a small animal figure, this specimen exhibits a muted olive-green to yellowish-green body color with a smooth, waxy to greasy luster and opaque transparency.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from light green to dark green and brownish-yellow; streak is white; cleavage is imperfect on basal planes; fracture is splintery to conchoidal; specific gravity is approximately 2.5 to 2.6; tenacity is somewhat brittle to tough depending on the specific serpentine mineral phase.
Optical Properties
Biaxial with varying refractive indices typically between 1.560 and 1.570; birefringence is low; pleochroism is generally weak or absent.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Worldwide occurrences including China, USA, Russia, UK, and South Africa. Forms via alteration of ultramafic rocks during hydrothermal metamorphism.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness ranges widely from 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific variety (Antigorite and Lizardite tend to be harder around 4-5, while Chrysotile is softer); moderate toughness; sensitive to acids; requires care to prevent scratching.
Care & Maintenance
Clean gently with warm soapy water and a soft cloth; avoid harsh chemical cleaners, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, and ultrasonic cleaners; store separately from harder gemstones to prevent surface scratching.
Rarity & Value
Common mineral; value is primarily determined by the quality of the carving, size, and aesthetic appeal of the stone rather than intrinsic mineral rarity; widely affordable and popular for ornamental carvings.
Special Characteristics
Often displays mottled or webbed patterns (resembling snake skin, hence the name); can occasionally show chatoyancy in fibrous varieties (chrysotile asbestos-type fibers, though solid carved pieces are stable and safe).
Lore & History
Historically used as a protective amulet against venomous bites and negative energy, as well as for decorative ornaments and architecture (often called 'false jade'). In metaphysical practices, it is associated with the heart chakra, emotional clearing, and kundalini awakening, though these are traditional beliefs rather than scientific claims.