Malachite
Malachite · Semi-Precious Gemstone and Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic; botryoidal, fibrous, or massive habit with concentric banding
Mineral Group
Carbonates
Chemical Formula
Cu2CO3(OH)2
Formation Process
Supergene oxidation and weathering of copper ore deposits, typically in limestone caves or near the surface in hydrothermal environments
About This Crystal
A polished, tumbled gemstone set into a ring, displaying characteristic concentric banding in shades of light and dark green with a vitreous to silky luster and opaque transparency
Physical Characteristics
Vivid green body color, pale green streak, perfect cleavage in one direction, uneven to subconchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 3.6 to 4.0, brittle tenacity, and no significant fluorescence
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative with high birefringence, strong pleochroism in shades of green, and exhibits banded patterns due to rhythmic crystallization
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, Australia, Namibia, and the USA
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4, low toughness and durability, highly sensitive to acids, ammonia, and heat, making it relatively soft for everyday ring wear
Care & Maintenance
Clean only with a soft damp cloth and mild soap; avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam, acid, harsh chemicals, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or hot water
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon depending on the quality of banding and polish; valued for decorative and jewelry use with prices ranging widely based on size and pattern complexity
Special Characteristics
Distinctive concentric banding and botryoidal growth patterns that create eye-like concentric circles on polished surfaces
Lore & History
Used historically by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans for jewelry, amulets, and powdered green pigment for cosmetics and paintings; traditionally associated with transformation, protection, and the heart chakra