Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal crystal system, typically forms in massive, tumbled, or microcrystalline aggregates.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Subgroup: Tectosilicate)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and igneous processes, frequently formed by natural or artificial heat treatment of low-grade amethyst.
About This Crystal
A tumbled, pale yellow to golden stone showing translucent to transparent areas with internal fractures and lighter cloudiness typical of tumbled quartz varieties.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to brownish-orange; white streak; conchoidal fracture; lacks true cleavage; specific gravity of approximately 2.65.
Optical Properties
Singly and doubly refractive (uniaxial positive); vitreous luster; low birefringence of 0.009.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, Spain; typically forms in pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and volcanic cavities.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability for jewelry use with no cleavage, making it resistant to standard wear.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water; avoid prolonged direct sunlight to prevent fading; avoid harsh chemicals and sudden thermal shock.
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately rare for natural stones; highly available on the market due to heat-treated amethyst.
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; often displays internal phantom-like fractures and color zoning.
Lore & History
Associated historically as the 'merchant's stone' for abundance and manifestation; connected to the solar plexus chakra in modern crystal healing traditions.