Rough Diamond
Diamond (Native Element) · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric); habit often octahedral, dodecahedral, or distorted irregular mass. This specimen shows a complex, possibly twins (macle) or distorted growth.
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
C (Pure Carbon, often with trace Nitrogen or Boron inclusions)
Formation Process
Igneous/Deep Mantle; forms under extreme high pressure (>45-60 kilobars) and high temperature (900-1300°C) at depths of 140-190 km.
About This Crystal
The specimen is a rough, unpolished crystal with a greasy to adamantine luster. It appears translucent to transparent with a light yellowish-to-champagne body color. The surface shows characteristic uneven growth patterns and conchoidal fractures.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Cape (yellowish), Streak: White/None, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral (4 planes), Fracture: Conchoidal, Specific Gravity: 3.52, Fluorescence: Often emits blue, yellow, or green under UV light.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 2.417 (Singly refractive), Birefringence: None (unless under strain), Dispersion: 0.044 (High), Pleochroism: None.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Major sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, South Africa, and DR Congo. Typically found in Kimberlite and lamproite pipes or alluvial deposits.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 10 (Highest known natural mineral); Toughness: Fair to Good (can chip if struck along cleavage planes). Highly stable to most chemicals and heat.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water or ultrasonic cleaners. Store separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching them. Avoid blunt impact due to cleavage.
Rarity & Value
Relatively Rare as gem-quality; value is dictated by the 4 Cs (Carat, Color, Clarity, Cut possible). Large rough specimens can range from hundreds to tens of thousands of dollars based on internal quality.
Special Characteristics
Displays 'greasy' luster in its natural rough state, which transforms to brilliance when polished. May show TRIGONS (small triangular pits) on the surface of crystal faces.
Lore & History
Historically used as a symbol of invincibility (Greek 'adamas'). Traditionally associated with the Crown Chakra and purity. It has been the primary stone for engagement and commitment jewelry since the mid-20th century.