Cinnabar
Cinnabar · Mineral Specimen
Crystal System
Trigonal
Mineral Group
Sulfides
Chemical Formula
HgS
Formation Process
Hydrothermal veins associated with recent volcanic activity and hot springs at low to moderate temperatures
About This Crystal
Bright red to brownish-red crystalline masses and disseminated grains embedded in a dark, coarse matrix, showing a subadamantine to dull luster with bright red highlights.
Physical Characteristics
Color is scarlet to brownish-red, streak is scarlet red, cleavage is perfect in one direction, specific gravity is approximately 8.1, brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive with extremely high birefringence and high refractive indices
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Almaden, Spain; Hunan Province, China; various volcanic and hydrothermal regions worldwide
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 2 to 2.5, low durability, highly toxic due to mercury content, unsuitable for jewelry
Care & Maintenance
Handle with extreme care, store securely away from contact and ingestion, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Rarity & Value
Uncommon mineral specimen, valued primarily for its mercury content and bright red color, highly prized by mineral collectors
Special Characteristics
High specific gravity and intense red streak, highly toxic mercury sulfide composition
Lore & History
Historically used as a major source of mercury and as a brilliant red pigment (vermilion) in antiquity; used in alchemy and traditional practices