Serpentine
Serpentine Subgroup (Antigorite / Lizardite) · Decorative Stone and Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Monoclinic or Triclinic, typically massive, compact, or fibrous habit
Mineral Group
Silicates, specifically Phyllosilicates
Chemical Formula
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Formation Process
Metamorphic and hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (peridotite or dunite) from the Earth's mantle at low to moderate temperatures
About This Crystal
An opaque to translucent tumbled polished stone showing a mottled pattern of olive green, yellow-green, and dark blackish patches with a waxy to greasy luster
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from light green to dark green, brownish, or blackish; white streak; cleavage is usually poor or not distinct; uneven to conchoidal fracture; specific gravity 2.5 to 2.6; generally brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative; refractive index ranges from 1.560 to 1.570; low birefringence; non-pleochroic
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Worldwide, notable deposits in USA, China, Russia, UK, and New Zealand; formed in seafloor hydrothermal alteration zones
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness ranges from 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific mineral species (Antigorite/Lizardite vs Chrysotile); fair durability, making it better suited for carvings, beads, and pendants rather than high-wear rings
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth; avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight; store separately to prevent scratching
Rarity & Value
Common; widely accessible and affordable, with value determined by color saturation, lack of structural fractures, and quality of polish
Special Characteristics
Often exhibits a smooth, greasy touch and mottled or webbed visual patterns resembling snake skin, which gives it its name
Lore & History
Historically used as an amulet for protection against venomous bites and negative energy; associated with the heart chakra and traditional practices aimed at emotional healing and personal transformation