Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, with a microcrystalline (chalcedony) habit, commonly forming in nodular or mass formations.
Mineral Group
Silicates (specifically Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and low-temperature sedimentary deposition, where silica-rich groundwater deposits microcrystalline quartz in cavities and fractures over long periods.
About This Crystal
A polished, tumbled smooth stone displaying warm, vibrant orange and reddish-orange color banding with translucent to opaque sections and a vitreous to waxy luster.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from yellowish-orange to deep brownish-red; white streak; no true cleavage with a distinct conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of approximately 2.58 to 2.64.
Optical Properties
Refractive index ranges from 1.544 to 1.553, typically doubly refractive (aggregate), with no significant pleochroism.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States, typically found in volcanic cavities and sedimentary rock.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, offering good toughness and making it durable and suitable for various types of everyday jewelry wear.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush, avoid harsh chemical cleaners, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to prevent color alteration.
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon depending on color saturation and clarity; widely accessible with affordable price points, though intense, even coloring commands higher value. Heat treatment is occasionally used to enhance color.
Special Characteristics
Exhibits distinct color banding (a characteristic of chalcedony/agate varieties) and subtle translucency that allows light to glow through the polished surface.
Lore & History
Historically used by ancient civilizations including the Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks for signet rings, talismans, and royal burial items. In modern crystal healing, it is traditionally associated with vitality, motivation, creativity, and the sacral chakra.