Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, prismatic habit with hexagonal cross-section
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicate)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal veins and pegmatites, often formed by the natural heat-induced irradiation of amethyst or low-temperature hydrothermal precipitation
About This Crystal
An elongated, translucent to transparent prismatic crystal with a warm golden-yellow to honey-brown color, vitreous luster, and some minor surface etching
Physical Characteristics
Yellow to brown color, white streak, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 2.65, brittle tenacity, piezoelectric
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive, refractive index of 1.544-1.553, low birefringence, generally low pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, Spain, and the United States
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability for everyday jewelry wear, though care should be taken with sharp impacts due to lack of cleavage
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged direct sunlight to prevent fading
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately rare for natural stones, value depends on color saturation, clarity, and size, with heat-treated amethyst being much more common than genuine natural citrine
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric properties, natural color zoning, and sometimes contains liquid or solid inclusions
Lore & History
Historically associated with wealth, prosperity, and success, often called the 'merchant's stone' and linked to the solar plexus chakra in crystal healing practices