Diamond
Carbon var. Diamond · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric), octahedral crystal habit with triangular growth features
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
C
Formation Process
Metamorphic and Igneous; deep mantle formation at extreme temperatures (900-1300 C) and high pressures (45-60 kilobars), brought to the surface via kimberlite pipes
About This Crystal
Clear to translucent crystal with an octahedral or modified octahedral habit, showing characteristic stepped growth layers, flat triangular faces, and slightly rounded edges typical of natural rough diamond crystals
Physical Characteristics
Colorless body color, white streak, perfect octahedral cleavage in four directions, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 3.52, brittle tenacity, often exhibits blue or yellow fluorescence under UV light
Optical Properties
Singly refractive, high refractive index of 2.417, exceptional dispersion (fire) of 0.044, adamantine luster
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
South Africa, Russia, Canada, Australia, Botswana; formed in the Earth's mantle
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 10, exceptional durability and wearability, though susceptible to cleavage along crystal planes if struck sharply
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoid harsh chemicals and sudden thermal shock, store separately from other gems to prevent scratching
Rarity & Value
Rare to Very Rare depending on size, clarity, and color; highly valued in the global gemstone market; treatments such as HPHT (High-Pressure High-Temperature) and laser drilling are common for enhancement
Special Characteristics
Exceptional dispersion (fire), high refractive index yielding adamantine luster, hydrophobic nature, and excellent thermal conductivity
Lore & History
Historically revered as a symbol of invincibility, purity, and eternal love across ancient Indian and European cultures; in modern crystal healing, it is associated with the crown chakra and spiritual clarity, representing the amplification of energy and intentions