Hematite
Hematite (Alpha-iron(III) oxide) · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Mineral Specimen
Crystal System
Trigonal; typically occurs in massive, metallic, or botryoidal habits, though here it is carved into a polished heart shape.
Mineral Group
Oxides (Hematite group)
Chemical Formula
Fe2O3
Formation Process
Primarily Sedimentary (precipitation from water) and Metamorphic; also forms as a sublimation product in volcanic areas or through the oxidation of magnetite.
About This Crystal
An opaque mineral with a dark steel-gray to black color and a brilliant metallic luster. When polished, it shows a smooth, mirror-like surface with fine silvery speckling or micro-crystalline grain patterns visible under light.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Steel gray to silver-black; Streak: Distinctive reddish-brown; Cleavage: None; Fracture: Subconchoidal to uneven; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Fluorescence: None; Magnetism: Weakly magnetic after heating.
Optical Properties
Opaque; Refractive Index: 2.94-3.22 (Very high but not measurable by standard refractometers); Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; No pleochroism due to opacity.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Australia, South Africa, and the Lake Superior region of North America. Found in banded iron formations and hydrothermal veins.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 5.5–6.5; Toughness: Brittle; susceptible to scratching by harder gemstones like quartz or beryl. Good for jewelry that is not subject to heavy impact.
Care & Maintenance
Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaning. Use warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Store separately to prevent scratching other stones or being scratched. Keep dry to prevent surface oxidation over long periods.
Rarity & Value
Very Common; generally inexpensive and widely available. Value is based on the quality of the polish and the artistry of the carving rather than the rarity of the mineral itself.
Special Characteristics
Known for its high density (feels heavy for its size) and its characteristic red streak, which distinguishes it from similar minerals like magnetite or goethite.
Lore & History
Historically used as a pigment (red ochre) since the Paleolithic era. In ancient Egypt, it was used to create amulets. Metaphysically, it is regarded as a 'grounding' stone associated with the Root Chakra, believed to provide stability and protection.