Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, microcrystalline aggregate (chalcedony)
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Low-temperature hydrothermal or sedimentary deposition, filling cavities in volcanic rocks
About This Crystal
Tumbled, irregular chip-shaped beads forming a stretch bracelet, displaying warm shades of orange, reddish-orange, and pale peach with vitreous to waxy luster and translucent transparency.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from orange to reddish-orange; white streak; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity around 2.60 to 2.65; brittle tenacity; exhibits faint fluorescence under UV light.
Optical Properties
Refractive index of approximately 1.544 to 1.553, uniaxial positive, doubly refractive with microcrystalline structure masking distinct birefringence.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
India, Brazil, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; good toughness due to microcrystalline interlocking structure; suitable for daily jewelry wear with standard care.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to prevent color fading.
Rarity & Value
Common; value depends on color saturation, evenness, and clarity; highly affordable, usually found in accessible price ranges for tumbled bead jewelry.
Special Characteristics
Microcrystalline structure, potential color banding, and subtle inclusions characteristic of chalcedony varieties.
Lore & History
Historically used by ancient Romans and Egyptians for signet rings and amulets; associated with courage, vitality, motivation, and traditionally linked to the sacral chakra.