Malachite
Malachite · Decorative Stone and Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Monoclinic; typically forms as botryoidal, fibrous, or massive aggregates with concentric banding rather than distinct individual crystals
Mineral Group
Carbonates; specifically a basic copper carbonate
Chemical Formula
Cu2CO3(OH)2
Formation Process
Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits, typically via low-temperature hydrothermal processes or chemical precipitation in limestone cavities
About This Crystal
A polished, tumbled specimen displaying characteristically vibrant shades of light and dark green in distinct concentric banding and bullseye patterns. It has an opaque transparency and a smooth, vitreous to silky polished luster
Physical Characteristics
Vivid green body color with a pale green streak; perfect cleavage in one direction though rarely seen in polished forms; uneven to conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of approximately 3.8 to 4.0; brittle tenacity; non-magnetic and does not fluoresce significantly
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative with high birefringence; displays strong pleochroism in shades of green; singly or doubly refractive depending on orientation, though typically observed as aggregate optical properties
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include the Democratic Republic of Congo (Katanga), Russia (Ural Mountains), Australia, France, and the USA (Arizona)
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4; relatively soft and fragile; scratches easily and is sensitive to acids, heat, and ammonia; requires careful handling for jewelry use
Care & Maintenance
Clean gently with a soft damp cloth using warm soapy water; avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, harsh chemicals, acids, and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or high heat; store separately from harder stones to prevent scratching
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately uncommon depending on the quality of the banding and polish; value depends heavily on the intensity of the green color, complexity of patterns, and size; polished tumbled stones are generally inexpensive and widely accessible
Special Characteristics
Distinctive concentric banding and botryoidal growth patterns that reveal chatoyant-like silky light reflections when polished
Lore & History
Historically used by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans for amulets, ornaments, and ground into eye shadow; revered as a stone of transformation, protection, and emotional balance in modern crystal healing traditions associated primarily with the heart chakra