Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically forming in microcrystalline aggregates (chalcedony habit)
Mineral Group
Silicates
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and low-temperature sedimentary deposition, often filling cavities in volcanic rocks
About This Crystal
Tumbled chip beads of a vibrant orange-red to brownish-orange color, translucent with a waxy luster, threaded into a bracelet
Physical Characteristics
Orange to reddish-brown body color, white streak, conchoidal fracture, no distinct cleavage, specific gravity of approximately 2.65, brittle tenacity
Optical Properties
Microcrystalline structure exhibits aggregate double refraction with a refractive index around 1.543-1.554, generally non-pleochroic
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
India, Brazil, Madagascar, Egypt, and Uruguay; found in silica-rich volcanic or sedimentary rocks
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good toughness and wearability for everyday jewelry use
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush, avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged direct sunlight
Rarity & Value
Commonly available and affordable, with value depending on color saturation, translucency, and size
Special Characteristics
Colored by iron oxide impurities dispersed throughout the microcrystalline quartz matrix
Lore & History
Historically used in ancient Egypt and Rome for seals, signet rings, and talismans; associated with courage, motivation, and the sacral chakra in modern crystal lore