Carnelian
Quartz var. Carnelian · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, massive or microcrystalline habit with no distinct macro-crystals visible due to tumble-polished chip form.
Mineral Group
Silicates, Tectosilicate subgroup
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and low-temperature sedimentary deposition, forming within silica-rich groundwater solutions inside rock cavities.
About This Crystal
Tumbled, irregular chip-style beads woven into a leather cord bracelet. The stones exhibit translucent to opaque transparency, a vitreous to waxy luster, and varying shades of orange, reddish-brown, and pale pinkish-orange.
Physical Characteristics
Orange to reddish-brown body color with a white streak. Conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage. Specific gravity is approximately 2.65. Tenacity is brittle.
Optical Properties
Singly or micro-crystalline aggregate doubly refractive with a refractive index around 1.544-1.553. Exhibits no significant pleochroism due to microcrystalline structure.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, India, Madagascar, Uruguay; typically forms in volcanic cavities and sedimentary rock layers.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7. Good toughness and wearability for everyday jewelry, though leather cords require care to avoid moisture damage.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemical cleaners and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to prevent potential color fading.
Rarity & Value
Common and widely accessible. Value is generally low to moderate, determined by color saturation, clarity, and uniformity. Thermal enhancement (heating) is commonly used to improve color.
Special Characteristics
Microcrystalline quartz variety colored by dispersed iron oxide impurities, giving it its characteristic warm reddish-orange tones.
Lore & History
Historically used by ancient civilizations including the Romans, Egyptians, and Greeks for signet rings and amulets representing courage, motivation, and vitality. Associated traditionally with the Sacral Chakra.