Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically occurring as prismatic crystals in geodes or mass formations; often tumbled into smooth shapes.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and magmatic processes, frequently formed through the natural thermal irradiation of low-grade amethyst.
About This Crystal
A polished, translucent yellow-to-golden quartz pebble featuring internal fractures and veining with a vitreous luster.
Physical Characteristics
Golden-yellow color, white streak, conchoidal fracture, distinct lack of cleavage, specific gravity of approximately 2.65, brittle tenacity.
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence, and singly to weakly doubly refractive.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, Spain, and the United States; formed in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, making it durable for daily wear in jewelry despite being susceptible to thermal shock.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals, sudden temperature changes, and prolonged direct sunlight to prevent fading.
Rarity & Value
Common; high-end natural deep-colored stones command higher value, while most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst.
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; internal internal veining and fractures scattering light.
Lore & History
Historically associated with wealth, prosperity, and the solar plexus chakra, frequently used in ancient cultures as a protective talisman against negativity.