Hematite
Hematite (Iron Oxide) · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Mineral Specimen / Industrial Ore
Crystal System
Trigonal; Habit is typically tabular, rhombohedral crystals, or massive (often botryoidal or as beads in jewelry).
Mineral Group
Oxides (Hematite group)
Chemical Formula
Fe2O3
Formation Process
Mainly sedimentary (Banded Iron Formations) and hydrothermal, also occurring as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks or as a sublimation product in volcanic areas.
About This Crystal
Opaque mineral with a metallic to sub-metallic luster. As beads, it appears as a smooth, highly reflective dark silver to gunmetal grey. Natural surfaces can be dull or earthy (Red Ochre).
Physical Characteristics
Color: Steel grey to black; Streak: Characteristic reddish-brown; Fracture: Uneven to sub-conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 5.26; Weakly magnetic or non-magnetic except when heated.
Optical Properties
Opaque; Refractive Index: 2.94–3.22 (though generally irrelevant for opaque stones); may show high metallic reflectance.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Found globally; major deposits in Brazil, Australia, China, USA (Lake Superior region), and South Africa.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness: 5.5–6.5; Brittle tenacity. It is harder than glass but softer than quartz. Vulnerable to impact and scratching by harder stones.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth; avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam. Saltwater and harsh chemicals can damage the polish. Store separately to prevent scratching.
Rarity & Value
Common; very affordable. Value is determined by the quality of the polish and the shape/size of the beads. Synthetic 'Hemalyke' (a magnetic composite) is a common stimulant.
Special Characteristics
Reddish-brown streak is the diagnostic test; 'Specularite' variety shows micaceous glitter. Note: Naturally occurring magnetic hematite is rare; most highly magnetic jewelry is synthetic.
Lore & History
Historically used as red pigment 'ochre' in cave paintings and as signet stones in Rome. In traditional lore, it is considered a 'grounding' stone associated with the Root Chakra and protection.