Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, tumbling and polishing into an amorphous tumbled stone habit
Mineral Group
Silicate, specifically Tectosilicate
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and igneous processes, crystallizing from silica-rich solutions at varying temperatures and pressures
About This Crystal
A small, tumbled, pale yellow to golden quartz gemstone with transparent to translucent clarity and a vitreous luster. Features smooth polished surfaces and minor internal fracture planes reflecting rainbow light.
Physical Characteristics
Pale yellow to brownish-orange color, white streak, completely lacks cleavage, displays conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 2.65, brittle tenacity, and piezoelectric properties
Optical Properties
Uniaxial positive optical character, refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence of 0.009, and singly or weakly doubly refractive depending on observation
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, and the Ural Mountains in Russia; typically found in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability and toughness, resistant to scratching by most common materials, and very suitable for daily jewelry wear
Care & Maintenance
Safe to clean with warm soapy water; avoid prolonged direct sunlight to prevent color fading; avoid harsh chemicals and sudden thermal shock
Rarity & Value
Common; natural citrine is less common than heat-treated amethyst, with value depending on color saturation, clarity, and size; generally affordable
Special Characteristics
Displays minor internal rainbow iridescence (fire) along stress fractures and inherent piezoelectricity
Lore & History
Historically used as a talisman against snake venom and evil thoughts, often associated with wealth, abundance, and the Solar Plexus chakra in modern crystal healing traditions