Rhinestone (Lead Glass)
Lead Alkali Silicate Glass (Artificial) · Costume Jewelry Component
Crystal System
Amorphous (Non-crystalline material)
Mineral Group
Artificial Glass / Simulant
Chemical Formula
SiO2 + PbO + K2O (Approx. 24-35% Lead Oxide for high refractive index)
Formation Process
Synthetic melting process; molten glass is cast or pressed into molds and then facet-cut or foiled
About This Crystal
Transparent, colorless to pale blue faceted rounds. Exhibits a vitreous luster with noticeable surface wear and rounded facet junctions typical of aged glass.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Colorless/Light Blue; Streak: White; Cleavage: None; Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 3.1-4.2 (depending on lead content); Fluorescence: Strong green or chalky blue under UV depending on stabilizers.
Optical Properties
Isotropic (Singly Refractive); Refractive Index: 1.50-1.70; No pleochroism; High dispersion compared to natural quartz but lower than diamond.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Historically manufactured in Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Austria (Swarovski)
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 5.0-5.5; Brittle toughness; Susceptible to scratching from steel and dust (quartz)
Care & Maintenance
Avoid ultrasonic cleaners as they may dislodge foil backing; clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; store separately to avoid scratching.
Rarity & Value
Common/Mass-produced; Value is low, primarily based on the age and design of the vintage setting rather than the stones themselves.
Special Characteristics
Often features 'foil-back' coating to increase light reflection; exhibits 'glassy' bubbles and conchoidal chips at the edges under magnification.
Lore & History
Popularized in the 18th century by Georg Friedrich Strass; widely used in Victorian and Edwardian costume jewelry to simulate diamonds and fine gems.