Amber
Fossilized Tree Resin (Succinite) · Organic Gem
Crystal System
Amorphous (Non-crystalline)
Mineral Group
Organic Mineraloid
Chemical Formula
C10H16O (Variable organic composition with succinic acid)
Formation Process
Fossilization of tree resin over millions of years involving burial, loss of volatile organic compounds, and polymerization under moderate pressure and temperature in sedimentary strata.
About This Crystal
The specimen appears as a small, smooth, rounded or tumbled bead with a warm reddish-brown to cognac color. It exhibits a vitreous to resinous luster and translucent to transparent clarity, showcasing internal light reflections and minor natural inclusions.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from yellow and orange to deep reddish-brown. Streak is white. It has no cleavage and exhibits a conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity is very low, around 1.05 to 1.10, meaning it can float in saltwater. It is brittle and can burn when ignited.
Optical Properties
Refractive index is approximately 1.54. It is singly refractive (isotropic) due to its amorphous structure. It can display strong blue or white fluorescence under longwave UV light depending on its origin.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Baltic region (Poland, Russia, Lithuania), Dominican Republic, Mexico, Myanmar
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness is 2 to 2.5, making it very soft and easily scratched by copper coins, glass, and quartz. It has low durability and requires gentle wear and careful handling.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with a soft, damp cloth using lukewarm water and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals, alcohol, acetone, perfumes, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam. Store separately in a soft pouch away from direct sunlight and hard gems.
Rarity & Value
Common to Uncommon, highly dependent on clarity, size, color, and particularly the presence of well-preserved inclusions such as insects or plant matter. Prices range widely from affordable polished beads to expensive collector specimens with rare inclusions.
Special Characteristics
Famous for containing prehistoric inclusions such as insects, leaves, and air bubbles. It generates static electricity when rubbed with cloth (giving rise to the Greek word for electricity, elektron) and can exhibit strong fluorescence.
Lore & History
Used since the Stone Age for amulets, ornaments, and early trade items along the historic Amber Road. In crystal healing traditions, it is associated with the solar plexus chakra, symbolizing purification, renewal, vitality, and emotional grounding, though these are traditional beliefs without scientific backing.