Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Tremolite-Actinolite series) · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Decorative Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic; typically occurs in massive, microcrystalline aggregates with a felted, interlocking fibrous structure.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Inosilicates) - Amphibole Group
Chemical Formula
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Formation Process
Metamorphic; typically forms through the metasomatism of ultramafic rocks or the metamorphism of impure limestones/dolomites.
About This Crystal
The specimen consists of polished, translucent to semi-opaque beads with an olive to spinach green body color. It exhibits a greasy to vitreous luster and a smooth, waxy surface texture characteristic of nephrite.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Olive green; Streak: White; Cleavage: None (mashed/fibrous structure prevents cleavage); Fracture: Splintery to uneven; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03; Fluorescence: Generally inert.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 1.600–1.627; Birefringence: Not measurable in massive form; Pleochroism: Weak; Optical Phenomenon: None (usually solid color).
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include British Columbia (Canada), Xinjiang (China), New Zealand, Russia, and Australia. Usually found in contact metamorphic zones.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 6.0–6.5; Toughness: Exceptional (it is the toughest natural stone due to its interlocking fibrous structure); Stability: Highly stable.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and acids. Store separately to prevent scratching softer stones, though it is very difficult to break.
Rarity & Value
Common to Uncommon; Value is determined by color uniformity, translucency, and absence of black chromite inclusions. Nephrite is generally less expensive than Jadeite.
Special Characteristics
Interlocking 'felted' fibrous microstructure which provides extreme resistance to fracturing and chipping.
Lore & History
Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its toughness. In Chinese culture, it is the 'Stone of Heaven,' symbolizing purity, longevity, and wisdom. Traditionally associated with the Heart Chakra.