Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)
Nephrite (Actinolite-Tremolite solid solution) or Jadeite (Pyroxene group) · Precious Gemstone / Ornamental Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic (both nephrite and jadeite crystal systems, though typically found in massive, microcrystalline, or fibrous aggregates)
Mineral Group
Inosilicates (Silicates)
Chemical Formula
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 for Nephrite, NaAlSi2O6 for Jadeite
Formation Process
Metamorphic formation under high pressure and relatively low temperature, typically occurring in serpentinites or subduction zones via metasomatism.
About This Crystal
A small, tumbled, pale to medium apple-green polished stone with a smooth, waxy to greasy luster. Translucent to semi-translucent with a fine-grained, interlocking fibrous micro-structure typical of jade.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from white to various shades of green, occasionally yellow or brown. Streak is white. Cleavage is distinct in jadeite, poor to absent in tough nephrite due to interlocking fibers. Fracture is splintery to uneven. Specific gravity is approximately 2.90 to 3.38 depending on the mineral variety. Tenacity is exceptionally tough.
Optical Properties
Biaxial (+) with refractive index ranging around 1.606 to 1.667. Exhibits a soft, glowing translucency known as a greasy or waxy luster; not generally pleochroic or fluorescent.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include Myanmar (Burma) for jadeite, and British Columbia (Canada), Russia, China, and the USA for nephrite. Formed in metamorphic environments.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness is 6 to 6.5 for nephrite and 6.5 to 7 for jadeite. Due to its tightly interlaced fibrous structure, jade possesses legendary toughness, making it extremely difficult to break, even harder to fracture than diamond.
Care & Maintenance
Very durable and resistant to scratching. Can be cleaned safely with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh acids or prolonged exposure to extreme heat. Safe for ultrasonic cleaners with caution.
Rarity & Value
Common to Rare depending on quality. Imperial jadeite of top color and transparency is extremely rare and valuable, whereas tumbled nephrite and lower-grade jadeite are widely accessible and affordable.
Special Characteristics
Exceptional toughness due to microcrystalline, interlocking fibrous texture. Exhibits a characteristic greasy-waxy luster and deep, soft translucency.
Lore & History
Historically revered in ancient China and Mesoamerica (Aztecs, Mayans) as a stone of nobility, wealth, protection, and virtue. Often associated with the Heart Chakra in modern crystal healing, symbolizing balance, harmony, and luck.