Serpentine
Serpentine subgroup minerals (Antigorite/Chrysotile/Lizardite) · Decorative Stone and Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Monoclinic (typically massive or microcrystalline habit)
Mineral Group
Silicates (Phyllosilicates)
Chemical Formula
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Formation Process
Metamorphic/Hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (peridotite or dunite) from the ocean floor in the presence of water at low to moderate temperatures.
About This Crystal
A tumbled, smooth stone with an olive-green to yellowish-green color. It exhibits a waxy to greasy luster, translucent to opaque transparency, and slight natural variations in color and minor dark inclusions.
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from light to dark olive green with occasional white or dark patches. Streak is white. Cleavage is good in one direction (though rarely seen in tumbled form). Fracture is uneven to splintery. Specific gravity is approximately 2.5 to 2.6. Tenacity is somewhat brittle. Generally non-fluorescent, though some varieties may show weak fluorescence.
Optical Properties
Refractive index ranges from 1.56 to 1.57. Birefringence is weak. It is biaxial negative with no prominent pleochroism in massive varieties.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Found globally including Italy, Russia, USA, South Africa, and Peru; formed in altered ultramafic rocks.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness ranges from 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific serpentine mineral (antigorite is harder, chrysotile softer). Fairly low durability; scratches easily and sensitive to acids.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with mild soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam, and harsh chemical cleaners. Store separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching.
Rarity & Value
Common mineral worldwide. Inexpensively priced as tumbled stones, carvings, and decorative architectural stone.
Special Characteristics
Often features a characteristic smooth, soapy or greasy feel and mottled green coloration that mimics jade (sometimes historically called 'false jade' or 'new jade').
Lore & History
Historically used as an amulet for protection against snakebites, poison, and negative energy. In crystal healing, it is associated with the heart chakra, emotional clearing, and manifestation. (Note: These are traditional beliefs, not scientific claims.)