Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, commonly occurs in massive or microcrystalline forms in jewelry settings
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicates)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and igneous formation through the crystallization of silica-rich solutions or magmatic fluids, often naturally heated or artificially heat-treated amethyst
About This Crystal
A golden-yellow to brownish-orange gemstone set in a square pendant mounting, displaying a translucent to transparent appearance with a vitreous luster and internal crystalline inclusions
Physical Characteristics
Color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber; white streak; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of 2.65; brittle tenacity; highly resistant to magnetism and exhibits piezoelectric properties
Optical Properties
Singly refractive or uniaxial positive with a refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553, low birefringence of 0.009, and weak pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, and the Ural Mountains in Russia; found in pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and volcanic cavities
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, excellent durability making it ideal for everyday jewelry wear with no cleavage planes to worry about
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water using a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged direct sunlight which can cause the color to fade
Rarity & Value
Common to moderately rare depending on the depth of color and clarity; natural deep Madeira citrine commands higher prices while heat-treated amethyst is widely available and affordable
Special Characteristics
Displays natural or induced yellow coloration due to iron impurities and irradiation defects; lacks chatoyancy or asterism
Lore & History
Historically known as the 'merchant's stone' due to its association with wealth and abundance; linked to the solar plexus chakra in crystal healing traditions for manifestation and personal power