Diamond
Carbon · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric); commonly occurs as octahedrons, dodecahedrons, or cubes; also rounded/alluvial
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
C (Pure Carbon, often with traces of Nitrogen or Boron)
Formation Process
Igneous; formed under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions
About This Crystal
A brilliant, transparent round-cut gemstone exhibiting exceptional adamantine luster. The specimen shows high scintillation with distinct flashes of white (brightness) and spectral colors (fire). The facets appear sharp and well-defined.
Physical Characteristics
Colorless to near-colorless; Streak: none (too hard); Cleavage: perfect octahedral in 4 directions; Fracture: conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 3.51–3.53; Fluorescence: often blue under UV light
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 2.417 (Singly Refractive); Dispersion: 0.044 (high fire); Adamantine luster; non-pleochroic
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Primary sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, South Africa, and Australia; found in kimberlite and lamproite pipes
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 10 (hardest known natural substance); Toughness: Good (but brittle along cleavage planes); exceptional durability for daily wear
Care & Maintenance
Steam and ultrasonic cleaning are generally safe; avoid sharp impacts along cleavage planes; store separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching softer stones; resistant to most chemicals
Rarity & Value
Common to Rare depending on the 4Cs (Color, Clarity, Cut, Carat); value increases exponentially with size and lack of color/inclusions; lab-grown alternatives and HPHT/irradiation treatments are common
Special Characteristics
Extreme thermal conductivity; high dispersion resulting in 'fire'; potential for blue or yellow fluorescence; may contain 'carbon spots' or other crystal inclusions
Lore & History
Historically known as the 'king of gems'; ancient Greeks called it 'adamas' (invincible). Historically valued as a symbol of eternal love, purity, and strength; traditionally associated with the Crown Chakra and April birthstone lore.