Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, massive or crystalline habit, often forms as prismatic crystals or tumbled pebbles.
Mineral Group
Silicate, Tectosilicate
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal or pegmatitic formation, often created through the natural irradiation of iron-containing quartz, though much commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst.
About This Crystal
A small, translucent, yellowish-brown to pale yellow tumbled stone with a vitreous luster, showing internal fracture lines and minor cloudy inclusions.
Physical Characteristics
Color is pale yellow to brownish-orange; streak is white; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; specific gravity of 2.65; brittle tenacity; displays piezoelectric properties.
Optical Properties
Refractive index of 1.544 to 1.553; doubly refractive (uniaxial positive); low birefringence; generally lacks significant pleochroism.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Spain, and the United States. Forms in igneous, pegmatitic, and hydrothermal environments.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7; good durability and toughness, making it suitable for most types of jewelry with standard care.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged direct sunlight, which can cause the color to fade.
Rarity & Value
Common; natural citrine is less common than heat-treated amethyst, with value determined by color saturation, clarity, and size.
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; natural specimens may show distinct color zoning.
Lore & History
Historically used as a talisman against snake venom and evil thoughts. Often associated with the solar plexus chakra, wealth, and abundance in modern crystal healing.