Malachite
Malachite · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Ornamental Stone
Crystal System
Monoclinic, typically forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalactitic masses
Mineral Group
Carbonates
Chemical Formula
Cu2CO3(OH)2
Formation Process
Supergene oxidation zones of copper ore deposits, formed by the action of carbonated water on copper sulfides
About This Crystal
A tumbled, polished specimen of deep green malachite, showing opaque transparency and a waxy to vitreous luster. It exhibits a characteristic dark green coloration with subtle variations typical of processed copper carbonate nodules.
Physical Characteristics
Color is vibrant to dark green, light green streak, perfect cleavage in one direction (though rarely seen in tumbled stones), uneven to subconchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 3.6 to 4.0, brittle tenacity, and not magnetic.
Optical Properties
Biaxial negative with high birefringence, refractive index ranges from 1.655 to 1.909, displays strong pleochroism in shades of green.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia (Ural Mountains), Australia, France, and the USA (Arizona)
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4, making it soft and relatively easy to scratch. Poor toughness due to heat and chemical sensitivity, requiring careful wear in jewelry.
Care & Maintenance
Clean only with a soft damp cloth, avoid harsh chemical cleaners, acids, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam. Keep away from prolonged direct sunlight and store separately from harder stones.
Rarity & Value
Common to uncommon depending on grade and patterning; value is determined by rich color contrast, banding, size, and absence of fractures. Typically ranges from inexpensive tumbled stones to higher-priced banded collector specimens.
Special Characteristics
Often exhibits chatoyancy when cut en cabochon parallel to the fibers, and possesses distinctive concentric banding patterns in higher-grade specimens.
Lore & History
Historically used as a gemstone, pigment, and for ornamentation in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In modern crystal healing, it is traditionally associated with the heart chakra, transformation, and emotional balance, though these are cultural beliefs rather than scientific claims.