Citrine
Quartz var. Citrine · Semi-Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Trigonal, typically forming faceted micro-beads in this processed state
Mineral Group
Silicates (Tectosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
SiO2
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and igneous processes, often formed by the natural or artificial heat treatment of iron-bearing amethyst
About This Crystal
Small, faceted, translucent-to-transparent golden-yellow beads showing bright vitreous luster and multi-faceted surfaces
Physical Characteristics
Vibrant yellow to orange color, white streak, conchoidal fracture, brittle tenacity, specific gravity around 2.65
Optical Properties
Singly refractive to uniaxial positive with low birefringence, vitreous luster, no strong pleochroism
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Brazil, Madagascar, Bolivia, and Spain; commonly found in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness of 7, good durability for everyday jewelry wear due to lack of cleavage
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water; avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to prevent color fading, and keep away from harsh hydrofluoric acids
Rarity & Value
Common, highly affordable, and widely available, though natural deep-colored citrine commands higher prices; heat-treated amethyst is very common
Special Characteristics
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties; highly faceted bead cuts designed to maximize internal light reflection and sparkle
Lore & History
Historically known as the 'merchant's stone' for its association with wealth and prosperity; linked traditionally with the Solar Plexus chakra