Malachite
Malachite (Copper Carbonate Hydroxide) · Semi-Precious Gemstone / Mineral Specimen
Crystal System
Monoclinic; typically forms in botryoidal (grape-like), fibrous, or stalactitic masses. Twinning is rare but can occur as polysynthetic.
Mineral Group
Carbonates; Malachite group
Chemical Formula
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Formation Process
Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper minerals at low temperatures and pressures.
About This Crystal
A striking heart-shaped cabochon exhibiting concentric banding and swirling patterns of vivid emerald green to dark forest green. It is opaque with a silky to vitreous luster and smooth polished surface.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Bright green to dark green; Streak: Pale green; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction (rarely seen in massive forms); Fracture: Splintery to subconchoidal; Specific Gravity: 3.6 to 4.0; Fluorescence: None.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 1.655 - 1.909; Birefringence: 0.254; Pleochroism: Strong (shades of green); Optical Character: Biaxial (-). Opaque in bulk form.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), Russia (Ural Mountains), Namibia, Arizona (USA), and Australia. Found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 3.5 to 4.0. It is relatively soft and brittle, sensitive to heat, acids, and physical abrasion.
Care & Maintenance
Clean only with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam, and acids. Store separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. Handle with care due to high copper content; avoid inhaling dust if cut.
Rarity & Value
Common; Value is determined by the complexity and beauty of the banding patterns. Highly sought after for jewelry and ornamental carvings.
Special Characteristics
Displays distinct 'bulls-eye' or 'malachite eyes' patterns formed by the growth of concentric botryoidal layers. Sensitive to heat during jewelry setting.
Lore & History
Historically used as a pigment in painting and as a protective amulet in Ancient Egypt. Symbolically associated with transformation, protection, and the heart chakra in modern crystal healing traditions.