Galena
Lead Sulfide · Mineral Specimen / Industrial Metal Ore
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric); habit usually cubic, octahedral, or massive granular
Mineral Group
Sulfides (Galena group)
Chemical Formula
PbS
Formation Process
Hydrothermal ore deposits, often in medium to low-temperature veins; also occurs as a replacement in limestones and dolomites
About This Crystal
A heavy, lead-gray mineral with a strong metallic luster. It typically exhibits cubic cleavage, appearing as bright, reflective blocks or granular masses embedded within a host rock matrix of yellowish or reddish oxidation.
Physical Characteristics
Lead-gray color and streak; perfect cubic cleavage in three directions; subconchoidal fracture; specific gravity 7.2-7.6 (very heavy); metallic luster; non-fluorescent; brittle tenacity.
Optical Properties
Opaque; metallic luster; isotropic (singly refractive); very high reflectivity across the visible spectrum.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include Missouri (USA), Cornwall (UK), Mexico, and Germany; typically found in hydrothermal veins
Hardness & Durability
Mohs hardness 2.5 to 2.75 (soft mineral); brittle; can be scratched by a copper coin or fingernail; sensitive to impact.
Care & Maintenance
Wash hands after handling due to lead content; clean with dry cloth or soft brush; avoid acids; store separately to prevent scratching softer or harder stones; keep in low humidity.
Rarity & Value
Common mineral; value is generally low for common specimens but increases for well-defined cubic crystals or those associated with minerals like fluorite or quartz.
Special Characteristics
High density for its appearance; perfect cubic cleavage allows it to shatter into smaller perfect cubes; often a primary ore of lead and a secondary source of silver.
Lore & History
Historically the most important source of lead since ancient times; used by Egyptians in 'kohl' eye makeup and by Romans for plumbing. In traditional metaphysical beliefs, it is considered a 'grounding' stone that provides stability and balance.