Diamond
Diamond (pure native carbon) · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Cubic (Isometric); commonly occurs in octahedral, dodecahedral, or cubic habits.
Mineral Group
Native Elements
Chemical Formula
C (Carbon)
Formation Process
Igneous/Deep Mantle: Forms at extreme depths (greater than 150km) under intense pressure and high temperatures before being carried to the surface by volcanic eruptions.
About This Crystal
The specimen appears to be a colorless, faceted transparent gemstone with high vitreous to adamantine luster. It exhibits sharp facet edges and high light return typical of a diamond-cut stone.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Colorless (D-Z scale), Streak: White/None, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in four directions, Fracture: Conchoidal, Specific Gravity: 3.52, Fluorescence: Often blue under longwave UV.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 2.417 (Singly Refractive), Dispersion: 0.044 (high fire), Pleochroism: None.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Notable sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, Australia, and South Africa; primarily found in kimberlite and lamproite pipes.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 10 (hardest known natural material), Toughness: Good (but brittle to heavy impact), Stability: Highly resistant to chemicals and heat.
Care & Maintenance
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally safe for untreated stones. Store separately to avoid scratching other jewelry.
Rarity & Value
Relatively rare in gem quality; value is determined by the 4Cs: Color, Clarity, Cut, and Carat weight. Common treatments include laser drilling or HPHT to improve appearance.
Special Characteristics
Adamantine luster and high thermal conductivity; stones may exhibit a 'hearts and arrows' pattern depending on the precision of the cut.
Lore & History
Symbol of eternal love, strength, and invincibility. Historically used as a tool for carving and as a symbol of status in ancient India and Rome; popularized as an engagement stone in the 20th century.