Emerald
Beryl var. Emerald · Precious Gemstone
Crystal System
Hexagonal; typically occurs as primary hexagonal prisms with pinacoidal terminations.
Mineral Group
Silicates (Cyclosilicate subgroup)
Chemical Formula
Be3Al2Si6O18 with trace amounts of Chromium (Cr) and Vanadium (V)
Formation Process
Hydrothermal and Pegmatitic; usually formed by the interaction of beryllium from pegmatites with chromium/vanadium in host rocks.
About This Crystal
A deep green gemstone with vitreous luster, ranging from transparent to translucent. It often contains 'jardin'—visible silk-like inclusions and internal fractures.
Physical Characteristics
Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Streak: White; Cleavage: Poor basal; Fracture: Conchoidal/Uneven; Density: 2.67–2.78; Fluorescence: Very weak to none.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 1.57–1.60; Birefringence: 0.005–0.009; Pleochroism: Distinct (green and blue-green); Singly to Doubly Refractive.
Hardness & Durability
Origin Region
Muzo and Chivor mines in Colombia; also found in Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia.
Hardness & Durability
Mohs Hardness: 7.5–8.0. Low toughness; brittle due to presence of fissures and inclusions.
Care & Maintenance
Avoid ultrasonic/steam cleaning. Use warm soapy water and a soft brush. Keep away from heat and harsh chemicals that can deplete oils.
Rarity & Value
Rare to Very Rare. Value is highly dependent on color (saturation) and clarity. Fracture filling with oil or resin is a standard industry treatment.
Special Characteristics
Contains 'jardin' (garden-like) inclusions; sometimes displays the 'trapiche' pattern or a slight color-change effect depending on the light source.
Lore & History
Symbol of rebirth and love; highly prized by the Ancient Egyptians (Cleopatra's mines) and the Incas. Associated with the Heart Chakra.